Optical connections and methods of forming optical connections

ABSTRACT

In one embodiment, method of forming fibers is provided. The method includes modifying a first exposed edge of at least one core of a first fiber. The first fiber has a first end, a second end, and a length between the first end and the second end. The second end has the first exposed edge of the core, and the first exposed edge has a first diffusion state. The first fiber may transmit light along the core. The modification of the first exposed edge includes modifying the first diffusion state of the first exposed edge of the core to a second diffusion state such that light exiting the first exposed edge in the second diffusion state is spread over a greater number of angles relative to angles of the light exiting the first exposed edge in the first diffusion state.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a divisional application of application Ser.No. 10/980,591, filed Nov. 3, 2004, now abandoned, the contents of whichare incorporated herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Fiber optic systems allow signals to be transmitted using light as thesignal transmission means, and such fiber optic systems may be used incomputer systems to aid in data and signal transmission. The fiber opticsystems may be used to provide interconnection between boards, and thefiber optic system may be used to provide fiber to fiber connections asneeded. Fiber optic connections and methods of forming fiber opticconnections exist in the art. However, it is desirable to provideadditional optical connections and methods of forming opticalconnections.

SUMMARY

In one embodiment, a method of forming fibers is provided. The methodincludes modifying a first exposed edge of at least one core of a firstfiber. The first fiber has a first end, a second end, and a lengthbetween the first end and the second end. The second end has the firstexposed edge of the core, and the first exposed edge has a firstdiffusion state. The first fiber may transmit light along the core. Themodification of the first exposed edge includes modifying the firstdiffusion state of the first exposed edge of the core to a seconddiffusion state such that light exiting the first exposed edge in thesecond diffusion state is spread over a greater number of anglesrelative to angles of the light exiting the first exposed edge in thefirst diffusion state.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following detailed description of embodiments of the presentinvention can be best understood when read in conjunction with thefollowing drawings, where like structure is indicated with likereference numerals and in which:

FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate fiber assemblies in accordance with embodimentsof the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates a core in accordance with embodiments of the presentinvention;

FIGS. 3A-3B are views of connectors in accordance with embodiments ofthe present invention;

FIGS. 4A-4C illustrate cores having angled end surfaces in accordancewith embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 5A-5B illustrate exposed end surfaces of cores having at least onediffusion feature in accordance with embodiments of the presentinvention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a fiber assembly incorporating at least one magnet inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 7A-7C illustrate board assemblies in accordance with embodimentsof the present invention;

FIG. 8 illustrates another board assembly in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 9A-9B are illustrations of connectors in accordance withembodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate various alignments of array positions;

FIGS. 11A-11C illustrate board assemblies incorporating a magnet inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 12A-12D illustrate board assemblies incorporating at least onemotor in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 13A-13D illustrate optical arrays and various alignments inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention; and

FIG. 14 schematically illustrates an algorithm that may be used inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS

In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, fiberassemblies and methods of forming and connecting fibers are provided.Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, a fiber assembly 10 is illustrated. Thefiber assembly 10 has a first fiber 12 that has at least one core 14.The fiber assembly 10 comprises a plurality of fibers 12. The core 14may be made of any suitable material that may transmit light. Forexample, the core 14 may be made of plastic or glass. The first fiber 12comprises any suitable fiber optic fiber. The fiber assembly 10 has asecond fiber 20 that has at least one core 14. The fiber assembly 10comprises a plurality of fibers 20.

Referring to FIG. 2, the core 14 has a first end 30, a second end 32,and a length L. It will be understood that the core 14 may have anysuitable length L between the first end 30 and the second end 32.Referring to FIGS. 1A-1B and FIGS. 3A-3B, the first fiber 12 has asecond end 26, and the second end 26 may be proximate to the second ends32 of the cores 14. For example, the second end 26 of the first fiber 12may be in about the same position as the second ends 32 of the cores 14,as shown in FIG. 3A. The second fiber 20 has a first end 28 that may beproximate to the first ends 30 of the cores 14. For example, the firstend 28 of the second fiber 20 may be in about the same position as thefirst ends 30 of the cores 14, as shown in FIG. 3B. It will beunderstood that the fibers and fiber assemblies may be used to transmita signal, such as a light signal, from one point to another point viathe fibers. It will be further understood that light may be emitted fromor received by the fibers.

Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the fiber assembly 10 may be in adisengaged position as illustrated in FIG. 1A. Alternatively, the fiberassembly 10 may be in an engaged position as illustrated in FIG. 1B.When the fiber assembly 10 is in an engaged position, the second end 26of the first fiber 12 may be optically coupled to the first end 28 ofthe second fiber 20. In this position, light emitted from the firstfiber 12 may be transmitted to the second fiber 20. The first fiber 12and the second fiber 20 may be optically coupled in any suitable manner.For example, the first fiber 12 may have a first connector 16, and thesecond fiber 20 may have a second connector 18. The first connector 16may be connected to the second connector 20. It will be understood thatany suitable type of connector may be used. For example, as shown inFIG. 1A, the first and second connectors 16 and 18 may be MT styleferrule connectors having alignment pins 22 and alignment holes 24.

Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 4A, and 4B, the cores 14 may have an obtuselyangled end surface 34 of at least a portion of the second end 32 of thecores 14 of the first fiber 12. The obtusely angled end surface 34 ofthe cores 14 increases the surface area of the second end 32 of the core14. This increased surface area may provide a first fiber 12 thatexhibits increased alignment tolerance because the area to be alignedmay be increased and because the light exiting the obtusely angled endsurface 34 may be refracted over a wider number of angles than lightexiting from an end surface that is not obtusely angled. For purposes ofdescribing and defining the present invention, the term “increasedalignment tolerance” shall be understood as referring to a fiber orfiber bundle that may be aligned with another desired fiber, fiber,bundle, connector or the like over a wider number of suitable alignmentpositions than a fiber or fiber bundle that does not exhibit increasedalignment tolerance. Further, for purposes of defining and describingthe present invention, the term “suitable alignment positions” shall beunderstood as referring to any alignment positions that allow anacceptable amount of light to be passed from a fiber, fiber bundle, orthe like to another fiber, fiber bundle, connector, receiver, or thelike.

The obtusely angled end surface 34 may be formed in an any suitablemanner on the cores 14. For example, the obtusely angled end surface 34may be formed by cutting the second end 32 of the core 14 or machiningthe second end 32 of the core 14. The core 14 may be described as havinga central or horizontal axis 36 that runs through the core 14 parallelto the length L. The obtusely angled end surface 34 may be angledobtusely with respect to the axis 36. Thus, an obtuse angle θ may beformed between the end surface 34 and the axis 36. For example, theobtusely angled end surface 34 may be angled at greater than about 90°to less than about 180° with respect to the axis 34. In a furtherexample, the obtusely angled end surface 34 may be angled at about 101°to about 136° with respect to the axis 34. The core 14 of the firstfiber 12 may be cylindrical, and the obtusely angled end surface 34 maybe elliptical as shown in FIG. 4B.

The first fiber 12 may further have an obtusely angled end surface 34formed on the first end 30 of the core 14 as shown in FIG. 4C.Additionally, the second fiber 20 may have an obtusely angled endsurface 34 at the first end 30 and the second end 32 of the core 14 asdesired. Further, the second end 26 of the first fiber 12 and the firstend 28 of the second fiber 20 may have an index matching material (notshown) disposed between the first end 28 and the second end 26. Theindex matching material may be selected such that the refractive indexof the index matching material is different than the refractive index ofair.

The fibers may have at least one surface feature provided on the secondend of the at least one core. Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B, 5A, and 5B, thefiber assembly 10 has at least one core 14 of the first fiber 12, andthe core 14 has a second end 32. At least a portion of the second end 32comprises a first exposed edge 42. For purposes of defining anddescribing the present invention, the term “exposed edge” shall beunderstood as referring to an end surface i.e. tip of a core.

At least one diffusion feature 44 may be provided on at least a portionof the first exposed edge 42. The first exposed edge 42 has a firstdiffusion state when no diffusion features 44 are present. The diffusionfeature 44 defines a second diffusion state. The second diffusion stateis such that light exiting the first exposed edge 42 having at least onediffusion feature 44 is spread over a greater number of angles relativeto the angles said light would spread over if the first exposed edge 42did not have at least one diffusion feature 44 contained thereon. Thus,the first exposed edge 42 may be modified from a first diffusion stateto a second diffusion state. Because the light exiting the core 14 inthe second diffusion state is spread over a greater number of angles,the first fiber 12 exhibits increased alignment tolerance because thenumber of angles at which light can be received is increased. It will beunderstood that the second diffusion state may be selected to provide adesired range or number of angles depending on the requirements of aparticular fiber assembly. It will further be understood, that the firstfiber 12 and the second fiber 20 may have diffusion features provided onthe first exposed edges 42 of the first and second ends 30, 32 of thecores 14. Additionally, the cores 14 may have a diffusion feature 12 onan obtusely angled end surface 34. The diffusion features 44 maycomprise light dispersing geometries.

The fiber assembly 10 may comprise the first fiber 12 aligned with thesecond fiber 20 in any desired manner. Alternatively, the first fiber 12may be connected to the second fiber 20 in any suitable manner. Thefirst fiber 12 may be connected to the second fiber 20 so that thefibers are aligned such that at least a portion of light exiting thesecond end 32 of the core 14 of the first fiber 12 enters the core 14 atthe first end 30 of the second fiber 20. The first end 30 of the core 14of the first fiber 12 may have at least one diffusion feature 44.Additionally, the first end 30 and/or second end 32 of the core 14 mayhave at least one diffusion feature 44.

The diffusion features 44 may be any suitable diffusion feature. Forexample, the diffusion features 44 may be formed in any suitable randompattern such as the pattern 38 illustrated in FIG. 5A. The diffusionfeatures 44 may be formed in an ordered pattern such as the pattern 40shown in FIG. 5B. The ordered pattern may be any suitable orderedpattern. For example, the ordered pattern may be in the form of agrating, facets, or diffraction grating, and the grating may be afresnel lens. The diffusion features 44 may be formed in any suitablemanner. For example, the diffusion features 44 may be formed byblasting, sandblasting, machining, grinding, etching, laser cutting,molding, and molding facets onto the first exposed edge 42 of the core14.

The fiber assemblies may have at least one magnet incorporated therein.Referring to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 6, a fiber assembly 10 has a firstconnector 16 on the first fiber 12 and a second connector 18 on thesecond fiber 20 as discussed herein. The second connector 18 has atleast one magnet 46 disposed therein. The magnet 46 may be operated toengage the first connector 16 to the second connector 18. For example,the magnet 46 may be operated such that the first connector 16 movestoward the second connector 18 and engages the second connector 18. Thefirst connector 16 may have a portion that may be magneticallyattracted. The magnet 46 may be operated such that the first connector16 and the second connector 18 remain statically engaged. The magnet 46may further be operated such that the first connector 16 and the secondconnector 18 are disengaged after being engaged. It will be understoodthat the fiber assembly 10 could alternatively have a magnet 46 in thefirst connector 16. Additionally, the first connector 16 may have amagnet 50, and the magnet 50 may be a permanent magnet that ensures thestatic engagement of the first connector 16 and the second connector 18.The second connector 18 may have a magnetically attractive element (notshown) disposed thereon or therein the may allow the magnet 50 to bestatically engaged to the second connector 18. For example, the secondconnector 18 may have a magnet with reverse polarity to the magnet 50 ora magnetically attractive area such as a ferrous sleeve around a portionof the connector 18. Alternatively, the magnet 50 could comprise areverse polarity magnet, and the polarity could be reversed to disengagethe first connector 16 and the second connector 18 after engagement. Thesecond fiber 20 may be mounted to or engaged to a planar member 52 suchas a bulkhead, and the first connector 16 may pass through the planarmember 52 to engage the second connector 18.

The magnet 46 may be any suitable type of magnet. For example, themagnet 46 may comprise a hollow wire coil connected to a power source toform an air core electromagnet. The magnet 46 may be an iron coreelectromagnet with a hollow area in the core shaped to accept analignment pin 22. Alternatively, the magnet 46 may comprise any othersuitable type of electromagnet. For example, the magnet 46 could beoperated in an AC fashion to provide an alignment force and to engagethe first connector 16 and the second connector 18, and the magnet 46could be subsequently operated in a DC fashion to maintain staticengagement. When the magnet 46 comprises an electromagnet, the magnet 46may be operated electromagnetically to engage the first connector 16 byproviding a magnetic force that attracts the first connector 16.Additionally, the power to the magnet 46 may be turned off to disengagethe first connector 16 after the first connector 16 and the secondconnector 18 are engaged. The first connector 16 may additionally haveat least one permanent magnet 50 that may cause the first connector 16and the second connector 18 to remain statically engaged even afterpower to an electromagnet in the second connector 18 is turned off.

The first connector 16 and the second connector 18 may comprise anysuitable types of connectors. For example, the connectors could be MTferrule type connectors as discussed above. As shown in FIG. 6, thesecond connector 18 may have two magnets 46 having wires 54 around ahollow area forming a hollow wire coil. The first connector 16 may havetwo alignment pins 22 disposed to align with the hollow wire coils 46,and the first connector 16 and the second connector 18 may be engaged byinserting the alignment pins 22 into the hollow wire coils 46. Thealignment pins 22 may be magnetically attractive. It will be understoodthat the second connector 18 may have any desired number of hollow wirecoils 46 and the first connector 16 may have any desired number ofalignment pins 22. The magnets 46 may be operated to provide a magneticforce that draws the alignment pins 22 into the hollow wire coils 46.

In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, boardassemblies and methods of connecting boards are provided. Referring toFIG. 7A-7C, a board assembly is illustrated. The board assembly 58 has afirst board 60 having a first face 64 and a second board 62 having asecond face 66. The first and second board 60, 62 may be connected by aconnector 67 to a backplane 65. However, it will be understood that thefirst and second boards 60, 62 may be configured in any other suitablemanner and may be connected to any suitable structure. The assembly hasa fiber bundle 68 having a first end 72 and a second end 70. The fiberbundle has a plurality of fibers 74. Each of the plurality of fibers hasa core 14 as illustrated in FIG. 2 and as discussed above. The cores 14have first ends 30 proximate to the first end 72 of the fiber bundle,and the cores 14 have second ends 32 proximate to the second end 70 ofthe fiber bundle 68. The first end 72 of the fiber bundle 68 isconnected to the first board 60 first face 64, and the second end 70 ofthe fiber bundle 68 has a first connector 76. The first end 72 of thefiber bundle 68 may be connected to the first board 60 first face 64 inany suitable manner. For example as shown in FIG. 7C, the first end 72of the fiber bundle 68 may be connected to a connector portion 75 thatis connected to the first board 60. The assembly 58 has a secondconnector 78 on the second board 62 first face 66.

The first board 60 may be parallel to the second board 62. Additionally,the first face 64 of the first board 60 may face the first face 66 ofthe second board 62. The boards 60, 62 may comprise any suitable boardtype. For example, the boards 60, 62 may comprise printed circuit boardsor electronic circuit boards. The first connector 76 may be connected tothe second connector 78 as shown in FIG. 7B. Alternatively, the firstconnector 76 and the second connector 78 may be in a disengaged positionas shown in FIG. 7A. It will be understood that when the first connector76 and the second connector 78 are engaged an optical signal may betransmitted from the first board 60 to the second board 62 or from thesecond board 62 to the first board 60. Thus, the boards 60, 62 may be inoptical communication.

Referring now to FIGS. 7A, 7B, 9A, and 9B, the first connector 76 maycomprise a plurality of first array positions 80. The first arraypositions 80 may correspond to the positions of the plurality of fibers74 in the fiber bundle 68, and light may exit from or enter into thefiber bundle 68 in the plurality of first array positions 80.Additionally, the first array positions 80 may correspond to positions(not shown) on the first board 60 first face 64. The positions definedon the first board 60 first face 64 may correspond to emitters orreceivers that may emit or receive a signal, such as an optical signal.The emitters or receivers may be used to establish opticalcommunication. Thus, the first connector 76 may be connected to at leastone emitter or receiver via the fiber bundle 68. The first arraypositions 80 may be defined on the first connector 76 on a mating face84 of the first connector 76.

The second connector 78 may comprise a plurality of second arraypositions 82. The second array positions 82 may be defined on a matingface 84 of the second connector 78. Additionally, the second arraypositions 82 may correspond to positions (not shown) on the second board62 first face 66, and the positions on the second board 62 first face 66may correspond to emitters or receivers/detectors that may emit orreceive a signal. Thus, the second connector 78 may be connected to atleast one emitter or receiver. The second array positions 82 may beconfigured such that an optical signal such as light may enter or exitthe second array positions 82. It will be understood that the firstarray positions 80 and the second array positions 82 may have anysuitable configuration, and the illustrated configuration comprises onlyone of the possible configurations.

The first connector 76 may be aligned with or connected to the secondconnector 78 such that at least one position of the plurality of firstarray positions 80 is aligned with a desired at least one position ofthe plurality of second array positions 82. For example, referring toFIGS. 10A-10C, one or more positions of the plurality of first arraypositions 80 may be aligned with one or more positions of the pluralityof second array positions 80. Thus, a receiver could be aligned with anemitter via the fiber bundle 68 and the boards 60, 62. In a furtherexample, the first array positions 80 may be aligned with the secondarray positions 82 such that at least a portion of light exiting fromthe fiber bundle 68 in the plurality of first array positions 80 isreceived by the plurality of second array positions 82. In still afurther example, optical communication via the fiber bundle 68 may beestablished between the first board 60 and the second board 62 when thefirst connector 76 and the second connector 78 are connected.

Referring to FIGS. 4A-4C, 7A, and 7B the cores 14 of the fiber bundle 68board assembly 58 may have obtusely angled end surfaces 34 at the secondends 32 of the cores 14. The obtusely angled end surfaces 34 and methodsof forming the obtusely angled end surfaces 34 are described herein withrespect to the fiber assemblies 10. Additionally, the first ends 30 ofthe cores 14 may have obtusely angled end surfaces 34. The firstconnector 76 and the second connector 78 may be any suitable type ofconnector. For example, the first connector 76 and the second connector78 may be MT style ferrule connectors as discussed above. Alternatively,referring to FIG. 8, the first connector 76 and the second connector 78may have some other shape, such as wedge shaped connectors as shown. Thewedge shaped connectors allow the fiber bundle 68 to be connected to thesecond connector 78 by steering the fiber bundle 68 in one directionwith respect to the second connector 78.

Referring to FIGS. 5A, 5B, 7A, and 7B, the board assembly 58 may have atleast one diffusion feature 44 on a first exposed edge 42 of the secondend 32 of the cores 14. The diffusion features 44 and methods of formingthe diffusion features 44 are described herein with respect to the fiberassemblies 10. Thus, the first exposed edge 42 of the second end 32 ofthe cores 14 may be modified from a first diffusion state to a seconddiffusion state. Additionally, the first ends 30 of the cores 14 mayhave at least one diffusion feature 44 on the first exposed edge 42.

Referring to FIGS. 7A-7C, 11A, 11B, and 11C, the board assembly 58 maycomprise at least one first magnet 46. The first connector 76 or thesecond connector 78 may comprise the magnet 46, and the magnet 46 may beoperated to engage the first connector to the second connector. Themagnet 46 and methods of operating the magnet 46 are described hereinwith respect to the fiber assemblies 10. It will be understood that themagnet 46 may be operated such that the first connector 76 and thesecond connector 78 are engaged or disengaged, as already describedherein. In one embodiment, the second connector 78 may comprise at leastone hollow wire coil comprising the magnet 46, and the first connector76 may have an alignment pin 22 disposed to align with the hollow wirecoil 46. The first connector 76 and the second connector 78 may beengaged by operating the magnet 46 to draw the alignment pin 22 into thehollow wire coil 46 by a magnetic force.

The fiber bundle 68 may be connected to the first board 60 by aconnector portion 75 as described herein. The connector portion 75 mayhave an engagement member 86 disposed between the connector portion 75and the first connector 76. The engagement member 86 may be any suitablemember that allows the first connector 76 to move in relation to theconnector portion 75. For example, the engagement member 86 may compriseat least one spring as shown in FIG. 11B. The spring may be extendedwhen the first connector 76 is engaged to the second connector 78, andthe spring may provide a disengagement force when the magnet 46 isoperated to disengage the first connector 76 and the second connector78. Alternatively, the engagement member 86 may comprise at least onereversible magnet disposed such that an engagement and disengagementforce may be provided to the first connector 76 as shown in FIG. 11C.The reversible magnet could be operated to provide an engagement forcethat moves the first connector 76 toward the second connector 78. Thereversible magnet could further be operated to provide a disengagementforce that moves the first connector 76 away from the second connector78.

In accordance with another embodiment of the present invention,assemblies having active alignment and methods of forming connectionsare provided. Referring to FIGS. 12A-12D, the board assembly 58 may haveat least one movable stage 86 on a second board 62. The assemblies 58may have two boards 60, 62 for board to board optical communication asillustrated in FIGS. 12A and 12C. Alternatively, the assemblies 58 mayhave one board 62 to form a board to fiber 68 optical communication asillustrated in FIGS. 12B and 12D. The at least one movable stage 86 maybe disposed on a second board 62. The movable stage 86 is disposed onthe second board 62 such that at least one motor (not shown) may steerthe movable stage 86 such that the movable stage 86 may be aligned withthe second end 70 of the fiber bundle 68 in a desired manner Forexample, the position of the movable stage 86 may be changed relative tothe second end 70 of the fiber bundle 68.

The first board 60 and the second board 62 may have a center region 88.The center region 88 may be defined between a front edge 90 and a rearedge 92 of the boards 60 or 62. The center region 88 of the first board60 may comprise a first optical array 94. Alternatively, the firstoptical array 94 may be defined by the second end 70 of a fiber bundle68 that may be connected to any desired structure as shown in FIG. 12C.The first optical array 94 may have a plurality of first array positions80 as illustrated in FIG. 13A. The optical array 94 may comprise aplurality of emitters or detectors/receivers, and the plurality ofemitters or detectors/receivers may have positions that comprise theplurality of first array positions 80. The first array positions 80 maycorrespond to positions of the plurality of fibers 74 and the fiberbundle may have positions corresponding to the first array positions 80defined thereon. Thus, the fiber bundle 68 may be connected to the firstoptical array 94. It will be understood that the array 94 illustrated inFIG. 13A illustrates is only one possible configuration, and the arraymay have a greater number of positions or a smaller number of positionsin any desired configuration.

The movable stage 86 may have a second optical array 96, and the secondoptical array 96 may comprise a plurality of second array positions 82as illustrated in FIGS. 12A-12D and FIG. 13B. In accordance with oneembodiment, the second optical array 96 may comprise an array ofemitters or detectors/receivers as illustrated in FIGS. 12A and 12C. Inan alternative embodiment, the second optical array 96 may comprise afiber bundle 69 as illustrated in FIGS. 12A and 12C. The second opticalarray 96 may comprise by a fiber bundle 69 having second array positions82 which may be connected to any desired structure. For example, thefiber bundle 69 may be connected to an array of emitters ordetectors/receivers that correspond to the second array positions 82. Asillustrated in FIG. 12C, the second board 62 may have a portion throughwhich the fiber bundle 69 may pass and over which the movable stage 86may be mounted.

The movable stage 86 may be disposed such that the at least one motormay steer the movable stage such that the second optical array 96 may bealigned with the second end 70 of the fiber bundle 68. For example, themovable stage may be steered such that a desired at least one of theplurality of second array positions 82 may be aligned with a desired atleast one of the plurality of first array positions 80. For example,some possible alignments are illustrated in FIGS. 10A-10C as discussedabove.

It will be understood that the motor or motors may be disposed in anysuitable manner to allow the motors to steer the movable stage 86. Forexample, the at least one motor may be disposed such that the movablestage 86 may be engaged by the at least one motor. The at least onemotor may comprise a portion of the movable stage 86. The at least onemotor may comprise a single motor disposed to steer the movable stage ina first direction. The at least one motor could alternatively comprisetwo motors. The first motor may be disposed to steer the movable stage86 in a first direction, and the second motor may be disposed to steerthe movable stage 86 in a second direction. The at least one motor couldadditionally comprise a third motor disposed to steer the movable stage86 in a third direction. The motors may comprise any suitable types ofmotors. For example, the motors may be microstepper motors.

In one example, each of the first array positions 80 may be emitters,and each of the second array positions 82 may be detectors. Each one ofthe plurality of emitters 80 may correspond to one of the detectors 82.Signals may be emitted that correspond to the plurality of emitters 80such that signals are transmitted along the fibers 74 of the fiberbundle 68 to the second end 70 of the fiber bundle 68. The movable stage86 may then be selectively operated until at least one of the pluralityof detectors 82 is aligned with the corresponding signal from at leastone the plurality of emitters 80. The movable stage 86 may beselectively operated until each on of the plurality of detectors 82 isaligned with the corresponding signal from the plurality of emitters 80.

In a further example, each of the first array positions 80 may bedetectors, and each of the second array positions 82 may be emitters.Each one of the plurality of emitters 82 may correspond to one of thedetectors 80. Signals may be emitted that correspond to the plurality ofemitters 82. The movable stage 86 may then be selectively operated untilat least one of the plurality of detectors 80 is aligned with thecorresponding signal from at least one the plurality of emitters 82. Themovable stage 86 may be selectively operated until each on of theplurality of detectors 80 is aligned with the corresponding signal fromthe plurality of emitters 82.

It will be understood that the second end 70 of the fiber bundle 68 needonly be positioned proximate to the second array 96 in order for opticalcommunication to be established between the fiber bundle 68 and thesecond optical array 96. Thus, no direct physical connection between thefiber bundle 68 and the second array 96 needs to be made. Additionally,the fiber bundle 68 need only be grossly aligned with the second array96 prior to selectively operating the movable stage 86. The assembly 58may have any suitable mechanical constraint to keep the fiber bundle 68proximate to the second array 96 if needed. For example, the first orsecond board 60, 62 may have a bracket (not shown) for engaging thefiber bundle 68. In another example, the first board 60 may have aspring arm (not shown) that may be extended to position the fiber bundle68 proximate to the second array 96.

The first array positions 80 may comprise a row location R and a columnlocation C as shown in FIG. 13A. For example, one of the first arraypositions may comprise R1, C3. It will be understood that the arraypositions 80 may be configured in any desired manner and there may beany desired number of first array positions 80. The second arraypositions 82 may comprise a row location R and a column location C asshown in FIG. 13B. Each of the row and column locations of the secondarray positions 82 may correspond to a row and column location of thefirst array positions 80. For example, R1, C3 of the first array 94 maycorrespond to R1, C3 of the second array 96. The movable stage 86 may beselectively operated such that at least one of the row and columnlocations of the second optical array 96 aligns with at least one of thecorresponding row and column locations of the first optical array 94.The movable stage 86 may be selectively operated until each one of therow and column locations of the first array 94 aligns with thecorresponding row and column locations of the second array 96.

In one example, the center of the first array 94 may be aligned with thecenter of the second array 96 as shown in FIG. 13C. The movable stage 86may then be selectively operated until each of the row and columnlocations of the first array 94 align with the corresponding row andcolumn locations of the second optical array 96 as shown in FIG. 13D. Inanother example, the movable stage 86 may have a first motor that isdisposed to move the movable stage 86 in a column direction and a secondmotor that is disposed to move the movable stage 86 in a row direction.The movable stage 86 may then be selectively operated until each of therow and column locations of the second optical array 96 align with thecorresponding row and column locations of the first optical array 94 asshown in FIG. 13D. In yet another example, the board assembly 58 mayhave at least one magnet (not shown) that is disposed to move the fiberbundle 68 proximate to the second array 96. After the fiber bundle 68 ismoved by the magnet, the at least one movable stage 86 may beselectively operated to align the second array 96 and the fiber bundle68 in a desired manner. It will be understood that the magnet or magnetsmay be disposed in any suitable location and the fiber bundle 68 mayhave a structure, such as a metal structure, upon which the magneticforce may act.

The movable stage 86 and motors may be controlled in any suitablemanner. For example, the movable stage 86 and motors may be controlledby at least one algorithm, and the algorithm may be a search algorithm.An example of a suitable algorithm is shown in FIG. 14. The algorithmmay start at step 100, and the movable stage 86 may be centered in step102. All the emitters from either the fiber bundle 68 side or the secondarray 96 side may be turned on in step 104. The number of detectorsreceiving signals may be measured and the result may be stored in step106. Next, the algorithm may question whether all alignment positionshave been tested in step 108. If the answer is no, the movable stage maymove to the next alignment position in step 110 and steps 106 and 108may be repeated. If the answer is yes, the results may be analyzed tofind the optimum alignment in step 112, and the movable stage may bemoved to the optimum alignment position in step 114.

It will be understood that the alignment of the movable stage 86 withthe second end 70 of the fiber bundle may be performed at any desiredtime throughout the operation of the assembly 58. For example, thealignment may be periodically performed to ensure that vibrations orother movements do not cause undue misalignment and loss of opticalcommunication.

While the present invention has been illustrated by the description ofembodiments thereof, and while the embodiments have been described inconsiderable detail, it is not the intention of the applicants torestrict or in any way limit the scope of the appended claims to suchdetail. Additional advantages and modifications will readily appear tothose skilled in the art. For example, the fiber assemblies can comprisea plurality of fibers, cores, connectors, magnets, and the like. It willbe further understood that the board assemblies can comprise a pluralityof boards, fiber bundles, connectors, optical arrays, magnets,engagement members, and the like. Therefore, the invention, in itsbroader aspects, is not limited to the specific details, therepresentative apparatus, and illustrative examples shown and described.Accordingly, departures may be made from such details without departingfrom the spirit or scope of the applicant's general inventive concept.

1. A board assembly, comprising: a first board; a fiber bundle having afirst end and a second end, wherein said fiber bundle comprises aplurality of fibers; each of said plurality of fibers comprises a firstend proximate to said first end of said fiber bundle and a second endproximate to said second end of said fiber bundle; each of said fiberscomprises a core that may transmit light; and each of a portion of saidsecond end of said fibers is defined by a first exposed edge of saidcore; at least a portion of each of said first exposed edge of said corecomprises at least one diffusion feature contained thereon; said atleast one diffusion feature defines a second diffusion state of saidfirst exposed edge of said core; said second diffusion state is suchthat light exiting said first exposed edge of said core in said seconddiffusion state is spread over a greater number of angles relative tothe angles said light would spread over if said first exposed edge didnot comprise said at least one diffusion feature; said first end of saidfiber bundle is connected to said first board; and said second end ofsaid fiber bundle comprises a first connector; and a second boardcomprising a second connector, wherein said first connector may beconnected to said second connector.
 2. The assembly as claimed in claim1 wherein said first board is parallel to said second board.
 3. Theassembly as claimed in claim 2 wherein: said fiber bundle is connectedto a first face of said first board; said second connector is on a firstface of said second board; and said first face of said first board facessaid second face of said first board.
 4. The assembly as claimed inclaim 1 wherein said first connector comprises a plurality of firstarray positions; and wherein said second connector defines a pluralityof second array positions.
 5. The assembly as claimed in claim 4 whereinsaid plurality of first array positions correspond to array positions onsaid first board.
 6. The assembly as claimed in claim 4 wherein saidplurality of first array positions correspond to positions of saidplurality of fibers.
 7. The assembly as claimed in claim 4 wherein saidfirst connector may be connected to said second connector such that saidat least one of said plurality of said first array positions is alignedwith a desired at least one of said plurality of second array positions.8. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first connector isconnected to at least one emitter, and wherein said second connector isconnected to at least one receiver.
 9. The assembly as claimed in claim1 wherein said first connector is connected to at least one receiver,and wherein said second connector is connected to at least one emitter.10. The assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first end of saidfiber bundle is connected to said first board via a connector portion.11. A fiber bundle having a first end and a second end, wherein: saidfiber bundle comprises a plurality of fibers; each of said plurality offibers comprises a first end proximate to said first end of said fiberbundle and a second end proximate to said second end of said fiberbundle; each of said fibers comprises a core that may transmit light;and each of a portion of said second end of said fibers is defined by afirst exposed edge of said core; at least a portion of each of saidfirst exposed edge of said core comprises at least one diffusion featurecontained thereon; said at least one diffusion feature defines a seconddiffusion state of said first exposed edge of said core; said seconddiffusion state is such that light exiting said first exposed edge ofsaid core in said second diffusion state is spread over a greater numberof angles relative to the angles said light would spread over if saidfirst exposed edge did not comprise said at least one diffusion feature.12. The fiber bundle as claimed in claim 11 wherein: the first end ofsaid fiber bundle connectable to a first circuit board.
 13. The fiberbundle as claimed in claim 12 wherein: the first end of said fiberbundle is provided with a connector portion for connection to said firstcircuit board.
 14. The fiber bundle as claimed in claim 12 wherein: thesecond end of said fiber bundle is provided with a first connector formating connection with a second connector connected to a second circuitboard.
 15. The fiber bundle as claimed in claim 11 wherein: each corehas an obtusely angled end surface of at least a portion of the secondend of the cores of the fibers.
 16. The fiber bundle as claimed in claim15 wherein: the obtusely angled end surface is angled at greater thanabout 90° to less than about 180° with respect to an axis through thecore.
 17. The fiber bundle as claimed in claim 16 wherein: the obtuselyangled end surface may be angled at about 101° to about 136° withrespect to the axis.
 18. The fiber bundle as claimed in claim 15wherein: each core of the fibers is cylindrical, and the obtusely angledend surface of each core is elliptical.
 19. The fiber bundle as claimedin claim 11 wherein: each fiber may further have an obtusely angled endsurface formed on the first end of the core.